How does LiDAR work?
A LiDAR instrument uses lasers to create a three dimensional (3D) image of the ground. LiDAR images help scientists to identify faults by virtually removing trees to see the bare ground. Two LiDAR images taken at different times in the same location can be compared to discover changes in the landscape caused by tectonic plate motion, volcanoes bulging, and land sliding.
One common application is to mount the LIDAR instrument on an airplane so that the instrument is pointing straight down. A high-precision GPS sensor is mounted onboard the aircraft and more GPS stations are set up along the path of flight for calibration. As the airplane flies over the study area, the laser emits bursts of light, which are reflected off the land below. By knowing the location/elevation of the instrument and the time for the laser light to travel to the ground and back, a detailed measurement of the land below the airplane can be created.