.PP \0 .ps 16 .sp 2 .vs 20p .ft B .ce 2 Digital Seismogram Data from Borovoye Geophysical Observatory, Northern Kazakhstan .sp 5 .ft I .ps 12 .ce submitted by .ft R .sp 1 .vs 15 .ps 12 .ce 4 Won-Young Kim and Paul G. Richards Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory of Columbia University Palisades, NY, 10964 .sp 12 .ce February 28, 1992 .bp .PP \0 .ps 12 .vs 15p .ft B .ti +0 Introduction .br .sp 1 .ft R .ti +3 This note describes certain digital seismograms recorded by Borovoye Geophysical Observatory (BRV), in northern Kazakhstan. We received a magnetic tape containing 43 files of digital seismogram data in March 1991 from Dr. Vitaly Adushkin of the Institute for Dynamics of Geosphere, Moscow. This digital seismogram data, resulting from the data request made by Paul Richards in December 1990, were processed by the authors at the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory (LDGO) and are submitted here for interested scientists. These 43 files contained digital seismograms from 25 earthquakes and underground explosions recorded at BRV during the past 20 years. The list of 25 events are given in Table 1. .br .sp 4p .ti +3 This note describes information regarding these waveform data and provides basic parameters needed to analyze them. Further details of the BRV station can be found in a report by Richards and Ekstrom (1991) and a recent article by Richards, Kim and Ekstrom (1992) to appear in EOS. .br .ft B .sp 2 .ti +0 BRV Seismogram Data in ADM Format .br .ft R .sp 1 .ti +3 The magnetic tape we received was written by PDP/11 type computer at BRV with tape density of 800 bpi. The 43 data files contained in the tape are in a processing format called ADM. That is, ADM format data are processed on computer from the original archive tape at BRV, that were recorded in 17 track, wide tape (35 mm). Note that the original archive tapes were recorded by LMR-3 (June 1966 - Nov. 1973) and LMR-6 (Feb 1973 - present) digital recorders (Adushkin & An, 1990), and these data loggers wrote up to 24 channels of digital data. .br .sp 4p .ti +3 Each of the 43 files contains 3-component digital seismograms, yielding a total of 129 waveform traces. Each file consists of series of data blocks (block size=512 bytes) which contains 256 samples (16 bit, two-byte unsigned integer per sample) of single component seismogram, either Z, NS or EW component. These data blocks are multiplexed block-wise (i.e., Z, N, E, Z, N, E, ...). .br .sp 4p .ti +3 Data values are encoded in the lowest 11 bits (bits 0-11; bit 0 being the least significant bit). Therefore, data values range from 0 to 2048 unsigned integers. Four bits (bits 12 through 15) of the two-byte samples are not used, except the first 64 bytes of the first blocks, where the .ft I time stamp .ft R is encoded in bits 12 through 15. The time stamp provides information on channel number, digitizing interval, date, record start time (to nearest msec) and time correction. .br .sp 4p .ti +3 Note that there are several drop offs of data points which were represented as "null" value in the original data. These drop offs were known to be due to the "time stamping" process in the original recording stage at BRV (Shishkevish, 1975). There are also "null" data values toward the end of the trace, and these are believed to be due to filling "null" values to fill the requested time window when data were played back from the original 17-track tape in order to write the ADM format files. .br .ti +3 .sp 1 It should be noted for these 43 examples that the data in ADM format is of variable quality. Some signals are badly clipped. However, for some examples the data is of excellent quality. We understand that in generating the ADM format tape from the archive at Borovoye there is a problem, since only three channels from the wide archive tape (up to 24 channels) can be written to ADM at each data processing. But it is not obvious which 3 channels should be chosen from the 24, since it is not easy to view all 24 channels as an aide in making the best selection. We are therefore pursuing methods to make a direct copy from the archive tape to a standard half inch tape, that will transfer all 24 channels. .ft B .sp 2 Submitted Waveform Traces in AH Format .br .ft R .sp 1 .ti +3 The digital seismogram data in ADM format have been demultiplexed and decoded for the time stamps and data values. Data are demeaned for the dc offset and each single waveform trace is then put into an AH ( .ft I ad hoc .ft R ) format file used at LDGO for waveform analysis. Further information on AH format is given in a later section. .br .sp 4p .ti +3 Table 2 lists all 129 waveform traces retrieved from the tape in AH format. The columns in Table 2 gives information on date (refer to the event date given in Table 1), channel number, seismic system, gain of each channel and file names of the waveform traces. .br .sp 4p .ti +3 The .ft B seismic system .ft R represented as a character string indicates the system used (KOD, SS for STsR-SS and TSG for STsR-TSG), and seismometer used (SKM, SKD, KS, DS etc.; see also Table 3), as well as the component of ground motion which is indicated by a letter Z, N and E, for vertical, north-south and east-west components, respectively. For example, the first entry in Table 2, KOD-SKM-Z indicates that the record is from KOD system with SKM seismometer and is vertical component. .br .sp 4p .ti +3 Trace file names in AH format are in the form of, .br .ft I .sp 1 BRV.yearmodd.hhmm.system.channel.ah .br .ft R .sp 1 where .ft I year .ft R =year, .ft I mo .ft R =month, .ft I dd .ft R =day, .ft I hh .ft R =hour and .ft I mm .ft R =minute are the record start time and are close to the event origin time given in Table 1. .ft I system .ft R indicates the seismograph system used followed by seismometer type. .ft I channel .ft R =channel number, which is useful to identify its nominal instrument characteristics given in Table 3. The last characters in the file name .ft I ah .ft R indicates that the data is in AH format. .br .sp 4p .ti +3 All of the AH format files that we submit have their headers filled with relevant information except poles and zeroes of the instrument responses. These parameters are not yet well enough determined to put into AH headers. Note that most of the seismographs used at BRV have relatively flat response to the .ft I ground displacement .ft R in their pass-bands (usually about a decade). We feel that the gain for each channel provided should suffice for a wide variety of data analyses and interpretations. For further details regarding the seismographs and the station, we refer to the report by Richards & Ekstrom (1991). .ft B .sp 2 .ti +0 Gain of Seismogram Trace and Instrument Responses .br .ft R .sp 1 .ti +3 Gains of each channel listed in Table 2 are for the .ft B digital counts/micron .ft R in .ft I ground displacement. .ft R This table is based on the information provided by the staffs at BRV (Karim Khaidarov & Aborin) via V. Adushkin during June 1991 and subsequently verified by Paul Richards while he visited BRV during August 1991. There are two events which were not in Khaidarov's list. In this case, we took the nominal gain for these channels at the time of recording. These traces are noted at the bottom of Table 2. The gains for the traces from event of 1980 SEP 14 on SS-SKD channels were listed as from 2600 to 3220, but we believe that these were probably wrong. A nominal gain of about 5 would be expected for these channels. .br .ti +3 .sp 4p Table 3 summarizes the instrument characteristics at BRV known to us so far. This table has been compiled using information from 1) Adushkin and An (1990), 2) Paul Richards' & G. Ekstrom's hand written note of the copies of the .ft I logbook .ft R kept at Borovoye, 3) Karim Khaidarov's notes faxed to us during 1991, and 4) W.-Y. Kim's calculation of instrument responses based on several calibration pulses in digital form brought by Paul Richards and Goran Ekstrom during August 1991. A complete description on the response of the instruments used at BRV listed in Table 3 will be available in the future. .br .sp 2 .ft B .ti +0 AH Format Waveform Files .sp 1 .ti +3 .ft R The AH file consists of a fixed block of header information (1024 bytes), and floating point data values in binary. The AH header contains information on the .br .sp 1 .ft B Station .ft R : station code, component, station type, latitude, longitude, elevation, digital sensitivity (gain), normalization constant and poles and zeroes of the instrument response used. .br .sp 1 .ft B Event .ft R : latitude, longitude, focal depth, origin time and comment (region etc). .br .sp 1 .ft B Record .ft R : sampling interval (dt), maximum amplitude in the waveform, record beginning time (in absolute time, GMT), number of samples in the trace. .br .sp 1 .ti +3 It is relatively simple to convert these AH format files into other formats using widely available computer codes. For example, there are conversion codes for SAC, SEGY, CSS.v3, CSS.v2.7, ASCII and many other data formats used in the seismological community. The users who are not familiar with AH formats or need assistance in converting AH format files into other formats may contact Won-Young Kim via e-mail .br .sp 8p wykim@lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu .br .sp 8p or directly .ft I ftp .ft R the necessary public domain software available from Lamont-Doherty through Internet using simple ftp commands, as .br .sp 1 > ftp .br ftp> open 129.236.10.30 .br login: anonymous .br password: anonymous .br ftp> cd pub .br ftp> get ah.ms ah.ms .br ftp> get ah.tar.Z ah.tar.Z .br ftp> quit .br .sp 1 The file .ft B ah.ms .ft R is a text file containing a manual for the AH format in "troff" setting and .ft B ah.tar.Z .ft R contains unix "tar" compressed files containing various AH filters and AH i/o routines useful to use AH format files. .br .sp 3 .ft B .ti +0 References .ft R .sp 1 Adushkin, V. V. and V. A. An (1990). Seismic observations and underground nuclear .in +3 shot monitoring at Borovoye Geophysical Observatory, Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR: Fizika Zemli, 47-59, No. 12, (also available in English as Physics of the Solid Earth, 1023-31, #12 for 1990). .sp 5p .in -3 Clark, R. A. and R. G. Pearce (1988). Identification of multiple underground .in +3 explosions using the relative amplitude method, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am., 78, 885-897. .sp 5p .in -3 Landers, T. (1972). Some interesting Central Asia events on the MS:mb diagram, .in +3 Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 31, 329-339. .sp 5p .in -3 Lilwall, R. C. and P. D. Marshall (1986). Body wave magnitudes and locations of .in +3 Soviet underground explosions at the Novaya Zemlya test site, AWRE Report No. O 17/86, HMSO, London, UK, 20pp. .sp 5p .in -3 Lilwall, R. C. and J. Farthing (1990). Joint epicenter determination of Soviet .in +3 underground nuclear explosions 1973-89 at the Semipalatinsk test site, AWRE Report No. O 12/90, HMSO, London, UK, 13pp. .sp 5p .in -3 Pearce, R. G.(1977). Fault plane solutions using relative amplitude of P and pP, .in +3 Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 50, 381-394. .sp 5p .in -3 Pooley, C. I., A. Douglas and R. G. Pearce (1983). The seismic disturbance of 1976 .in +3 March 20, east Kazakhstan: earthquake or explosions ?, Geophys. J. R. astr. Soc., 74, 621-631. .sp 5p .in -3 Richards, Paul G. and G. Ekstrom (1991). Report of a visit to the Borovoye .in +3 Geophysical Observatory (Seismic Station BRV) in Kazakhstan, Technical Report, circulated to DARPA and Air Force contractors in seismic research (also available from Richards). .sp 5p .in -3 Richards, Paul. G., Won-Young Kim and Goran Ekstrom (1992). The Borovoye .in +3 Geophysical Observatory, Kazakhstan, submitted to EOS, February 1992. .sp 5p .in -3 Ringdal, F. and P. D. Marshall (1989). Yield determination of Soviet underground .in +3 nuclear explosions at the Shagan River Test Site, in NORSAR Scientific Report No. 2-88/89, L. B. Loughran (ed.), Kjeller, Norway, July 1989, 33-66pp. .sp 5p .in -3 Shishkevish, C. (1975). Soviet Seismographic Stations and Seismic Instruments, .in +3 Part II, R-1647-ARPA, June 1975 (ARPA ORDER NO 189-1). .in -3 .bp .PP .ll 6.7i .ps 14 .vs 20p .ft B .ti +0 Table 1. List of Events for Digital Seismograms from BRV .ps 12 .sp 1 .vs 15p .ft R .TS tab(%) ; c c s s c c c c c c l l l c c c c c c c l l2 l2 l n n2 n3 n2 n l . _ .sp 4p %Origin time%Lat%Long%h%mb%Ms%Reference %year doy%mon dd%hh:mm:sec%(N)%(E)%(km) .sp 4p _ .sp 4p 01%1969-121%MAY 01%04:00:08.7%43.98%77.86%25.4%4.9%-%EQ,3,7,9 02%1969-265%SEP 22%16:14:58.9%41.35%88.33%0%5.2%-%CH,3 03%1972-345%DEC 10%04:27:10.00%50.027%78.896%0.5%5.96%-%SR,4,6,10 04%1973-204%JUL 23%01:23:00.11%49.966%78.810%0%6.17%-%SR,4 05%1976-080%MAR 20%04:03:39.3%50.02%77.37%0%5.1%-%EQ,2,8 06%1977-253%SEP 10%02:59:58.0%73.339%54.626%0%5.71%-%NZ,5 07%1977-282%OCT 09%10:59:58.0%73.414%54.935%0%4.51%-%NZ,5 08%1978-241%AUG 29%02:37:08.75%50.011%78.976%0%5.90%-%SR,4,6,10 09%1980-258%SEP 14%02:42:41.63%49.930%78.801%0%6.21%-%SR,4 10%1983-279%OCT 06%09:59:58.0%41.53%88.72%0%5.5%4.2%CH,3 11%1984-276%OCT 03%05:59:57.9%41.54%88.67%0%5.4%-%CH,3 12%1984-354%DEC 19%06:00:02.8%41.62%88.22%33%4.7%4.2%CH,3 13%1987-156%JUN 05%04:59:58.5%41.55%88.72%0%6.2%4.7%CH,3 14%1988-044%FEB 13%03:05:08.17%49.932%78.878%0%5.97%-%SR,4 15%1988-094%APR 03%01:33:08.12%49.909%78.918%0%5.99%-%SR,4 16%1988-125%MAY 04%00:57:09.08%49.931%78.741%0%6.09%-%SR,4 17%1988-128%MAY 07%22:49:58.12%73.364%54.445%0%5.6%3.8%NZ,2 18%1988-166%JUN 14%02:27:08.98%50.034%78.964%0%4.80%-%SR,4 19%1988-258%SEP 14%03:59:59.69%49.869%78.825%0%6.03%-%SR,4 20%1988-317%NOV 12%03:30:06.26%50.048%78.960%0%5.20%-%SR,4 21%1988-339%DEC 04%05:19:53.00%73.387%54.998%0%5.9%4.6%NZ,2 22%1988-352%DEC 17%04:18:09.17%49.879%78.924%0%5.80%-%SR,4 23%1989-128%MAY 08%00:03:14.4%44.90%79.73%33%4.5%4.1%EQ,3 24%1990-228%AUG 16%04:59:57.69%41.564%88.770%0.5%6.2%-%CH,2 25%1990-297%OCT 24%14:57:58.0%73.364%54.827%0%5.6%4.0%NZ,2 .sp 4p _ .TE .ll 6.7i .sp 2 .ps 10 .vs 12p .ft R (1) Symbols used in Reference column are SR=Shagan River, EQ=Earthquake, NZ=Novaya Zemlya, CH=Chinese explosion. .br (2) Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, Monthly listing, NEIC. .br (3) Bulletin of the International Seismological Center. .br (4) Locations are from Lilwall & Farthing (1990), and magnitudes are from Ringdal & Marshall (1989). .br (5) Lilwall & Marshall (1986). .br (6) Double explosions (these events are preceded by earlier explosions at Degelen Mt. area by about 10 sec). .br (7) Landers (1972). .br (8) Pooley et al. (1983). .br (9) Pearce (1977). .br (10) Clark & Pearce (1988). .bp .PP .ps 14 .vs 20p .ft B .ti +0 Table 2. List of Digital Seismograms and Gains from BRV(a) .ps 12 .vs 15p .sp 1 .ft R .TS tab(%) ; c1 c l1 c2 l l1 c l1 c2 l l1 c l1 c2 l . _ .sp 4p Date%Channel %Seismic%Gain(b) year mon day%number %system %(unit/micron)%Seismogram trace id .sp 4p _ .sp 4p .ps 10 1969 MAY 01 %1 %KOD-SKM-Z %-3512(c) %BRV.19690501.0402.KOD-SKM.01.ah 1969 MAY 01 %3 %KOD-SKM-N %-3277(c) %BRV.19690501.0402.KOD-SKM.03.ah 1969 MAY 01 %4 %KOD-SKM-E %-3468(c) %BRV.19690501.0402.KOD-SKM.04.ah 1969 SEP 22 %1 %KOD-SKM-Z %-3346(c) %BRV.19690922.1618.KOD-SKM.01.ah 1969 SEP 22 %3 %KOD-SKM-N %-3024(c) %BRV.19690922.1618.KOD-SKM.03.ah 1969 SEP 22 %4 %KOD-SKM-E %-3294(c) %BRV.19690922.1618.KOD-SKM.04.ah 1972 DEC 10 %1 %KOD-SKM-Z %-3308(c) %BRV.19721210.0428.KOD-SKM.01.ah 1972 DEC 10 %3 %KOD-SKM-N %-3434(c) %BRV.19721210.0428.KOD-SKM.03.ah 1972 DEC 10 %4 %KOD-SKM-E %-3422(c) %BRV.19721210.0428.KOD-SKM.04.ah 1973 JUL 23 %1 %KOD-SKM-Z %-3150(c) %BRV.19730723.0124.KOD-SKM.01.ah 1973 JUL 23 %3 %KOD-SKM-N %-2944(c) %BRV.19730723.0124.KOD-SKM.03.ah 1973 JUL 23 %4 %KOD-SKM-E %-3344(c) %BRV.19730723.0124.KOD-SKM.04.ah 1976 MAR 20 %7 %SS-SKM-Z %1187 %BRV.19760320.0405.SS-SKM.07.ah 1976 MAR 20 %8 %SS-SKM-N %1388 %BRV.19760320.0405.SS-SKM.08.ah 1976 MAR 20 %9 %SS-SKM-E %1266 %BRV.19760320.0405.SS-SKM.09.ah 1976 MAR 20 %7 %SS-SKM-Z %1187 %BRV.19760320.0411.SS-SKM.07.ah 1976 MAR 20 %8 %SS-SKM-N %1388 %BRV.19760320.0411.SS-SKM.08.ah 1976 MAR 20 %9 %SS-SKM-E %1266 %BRV.19760320.0411.SS-SKM.09.ah 1977 SEP 10 %19 %TSG-DS-Z %54.6 %BRV.19770901.0304.TSG-DS.19.ah 1977 SEP 10 %20 %TSG-DS-N %52.3 %BRV.19770901.0304.TSG-DS.20.ah 1977 SEP 10 %21 %TSG-DS-E %50.5 %BRV.19770901.0304.TSG-DS.21.ah 1977 OCT 09 %7 %TSG-KS-Z %2190 %BRV.19771009.1104.TSG-KS.07.ah 1977 OCT 09 %8 %TSG-KS-N %2270 %BRV.19771009.1104.TSG-KS.08.ah 1977 OCT 09 %9 %TSG-KS-E %2110 %BRV.19771009.1104.TSG-KS.09.ah 1978 AUG 29 %1 %SS-SKM-Z %172 %BRV.19780829.0238.SS-SKM.01.ah 1978 AUG 29 %8 %SS-SKM-N %1346 %BRV.19780829.0238.SS-SKM.08.ah 1978 AUG 29 %9 %SS-SKM-E %1358 %BRV.19780829.0238.SS-SKM.09.ah 1980 SEP 14 %1 %SS-SKM-Z %172 %BRV.19800914.0244.SS-SKM.01.ah 1980 SEP 14 %8 %SS-SKM-N %1227 %BRV.19800914.0244.SS-SKM.08.ah 1980 SEP 14 %9 %SS-SKM-E %1270 %BRV.19800914.0244.SS-SKM.09.ah 1980 SEP 14 %2 %SS-SKD-Z %2620(d) %BRV.19800914.0244.SS-SKD.02.ah 1980 SEP 14 %3 %SS-SKD-N %3220(d) %BRV.19800914.0244.SS-SKD.03.ah 1980 SEP 14 %4 %SS-SKD-E %3220(d) %BRV.19800914.0244.SS-SKD.04.ah 1983 OCT 06 %7 %SS-SKM-Z %2125 %BRV.19831006.1003.SS-SKM.07.ah 1983 OCT 06 %8 %SS-SKM-N %2105 %BRV.19831006.1003.SS-SKM.08.ah 1983 OCT 06 %9 %SS-SKM-E %2042 %BRV.19831006.1003.SS-SKM.09.ah 1983 OCT 06 %19 %TSG-DS-Z %47.9 %BRV.19831006.1003.TSG-DS.19.ah 1983 OCT 06 %20 %TSG-DS-N %47.6 %BRV.19831006.1003.TSG-DS.20.ah 1983 OCT 06 %21 %TSG-DS-E %47.3 %BRV.19831006.1003.TSG-DS.21.ah 1984 OCT 03 %7 %SS-SKM-Z %2041 %BRV.19841003.0603.SS-SKM.07.ah 1984 OCT 03 %8 %SS-SKM-N %2071 %BRV.19841003.0603.SS-SKM.08.ah 1984 OCT 03 %9 %SS-SKM-E %2077 %BRV.19841003.0603.SS-SKM.09.ah 1984 DEC 19 %7 %SS-SKM-Z %2041 %BRV.19841219.0603.SS-SKM.07.ah 1984 DEC 19 %8 %SS-SKM-N %2071 %BRV.19841219.0603.SS-SKM.08.ah 1984 DEC 19 %9 %SS-SKM-E %2077 %BRV.19841219.0603.SS-SKM.09.ah 1987 JUN 05 %1 %TSG-KSM-Z %48.9 %BRV.19870605.0503.TSG-KSM.01.ah 1987 JUN 05 %8 %TSG-SBU-V(e) %1081 %BRV.19870605.0503.TSG-KSM.08.ah 1987 JUN 05 %12 %TSG-KSM-E %103150 %BRV.19870605.0503.TSG-KSM.12.ah 1987 JUN 05 %19 %TSG-DS-Z %50.0(f) %BRV.19870605.0503.TSG-DS.19.ah 1987 JUN 05 %20 %TSG-DS-N %50.0(f) %BRV.19870605.0503.TSG-DS.20.ah 1987 JUN 05 %21 %TSG-DS-E %50.0(f) %BRV.19870605.0503.TSG-DS.21.ah 1988 FEB 13 %1 %TSG-KSM-Z %48.6 %BRV.19880213.0306.TSG-KSM.01.ah 1988 FEB 13 %8 %TSG-KS-N %4449 %BRV.19880213.0306.TSG-KS.08.ah 1988 FEB 13 %9 %TSG-KS-E %4539 %BRV.19880213.0306.TSG-KS.09.ah 1988 APR 03 %1 %TSG-KSM-Z %48.6 %BRV.19880403.0134.TSG-KSM.01.ah 1988 APR 03 %8 %TSG-KS-N %4449 %BRV.19880403.0134.TSG-KS.08.ah 1988 APR 03 %9 %TSG-KS-E %4539 %BRV.19880403.0134.TSG-KS.09.ah 1988 APR 03 %6 %SS-SKM-Z %22.0 %BRV.19880403.0134.SS-SKM.06.ah 1988 APR 03 %8 %SS-SKM-N %2047 %BRV.19880403.0134.SS-SKM.08.ah 1988 APR 03 %9 %SS-SKM-E %1999 %BRV.19880403.0134.SS-SKM.09.ah 1988 APR 03 %19 %TSG-DS-Z %50.17 %BRV.19880403.0134.TSG-DS.19.ah 1988 APR 03 %20 %TSG-DS-N %48.5 %BRV.19880403.0134.TSG-DS.20.ah 1988 APR 03 %21 %TSG-DS-E %47.9 %BRV.19880403.0134.TSG-DS.21.ah 1988 MAY 04 %1 %TSG-KSM-Z %48.6 %BRV.19880504.0058.TSG-KSM.01.ah 1988 MAY 04 %8 %TSG-KS-N %4449 %BRV.19880504.0058.TSG-KS.08.ah 1988 MAY 04 %9 %TSG-KS-E %4539 %BRV.19880504.0058.TSG-KS.09.ah 1988 MAY 07 %1 %TSG-KSM-Z %48.6 %BRV.19880507.2254.TSG-KSM.01.ah 1988 MAY 07 %8 %TSG-KS-N %4449 %BRV.19880507.2254.TSG-KS.08.ah 1988 MAY 07 %9 %TSG-KS-E %4539 %BRV.19880507.2254.TSG-KS.09.ah 1988 MAY 07 %7 %SS-SKM-Z %2032 %BRV.19880507.2254.SS-SKM.07.ah 1988 MAY 07 %8 %SS-SKM-N %2047 %BRV.19880507.2254.SS-SKM.08.ah 1988 MAY 07 %9 %SS-SKM-E %1999 %BRV.19880507.2254.SS-SKM.09.ah 1988 MAY 07 %19 %TSG-DS-Z %50.17 %BRV.19880507.2254.TSG-DS.19.ah 1988 MAY 07 %20 %TSG-DS-N %48.5 %BRV.19880507.2254.TSG-DS.20.ah 1988 MAY 07 %21 %TSG-DS-E %47.90 %BRV.19880507.2254.TSG-DS.21.ah 1988 JUN 14 %1 %TSG-KSM-Z %48.6 %BRV.19880614.0228.TSG-KSM.01.ah 1988 JUN 14 %8 %TSG-KS-N %4449 %BRV.19880614.0228.TSG-KS.08.ah 1988 JUN 14 %9 %TSG-KS-E %4539 %BRV.19880614.0228.TSG-KS.09.ah 1988 SEP 14 %1 %TSG-KSM-Z %48.6 %BRV.19880914.0400.TSG-KSM.01.ah 1988 SEP 14 %8 %TSG-KS-N %4511 %BRV.19880914.0400.TSG-KS.08.ah 1988 SEP 14 %9 %TSG-KS-E %4533 %BRV.19880914.0400.TSG-KS.09.ah 1988 SEP 14 %6 %SS-SKM-Z %22.0 %BRV.19880914.0401.SS-SKM.06.ah 1988 SEP 14 %8 %SS-SKM-N %2047 %BRV.19880914.0401.SS-SKM.08.ah 1988 SEP 14 %9 %SS-SKM-E %1999 %BRV.19880914.0401.SS-SKM.09.ah 1988 SEP 14 %19 %TSG-DS-Z %48.49 %BRV.19880914.0400.TSG-DS.19.ah 1988 SEP 14 %20 %TSG-DS-N %48.19 %BRV.19880914.0400.TSG-DS.20.ah 1988 SEP 14 %21 %TSG-DS-E %48.05 %BRV.19880914.0400.TSG-DS.21.ah 1988 NOV 12 %7 %SS-SKM-Z %2032 %BRV.19881112.0331.SS-SKM.07.ah 1988 NOV 12 %8 %SS-SKM-N %2047 %BRV.19881112.0331.SS-SKM.08.ah 1988 NOV 12 %9 %SS-SKM-E %1999 %BRV.19881112.0331.SS-SKM.09.ah 1988 NOV 12 %19 %TSG-DS-Z %48.49 %BRV.19881112.0331.TSG-DS.19.ah 1988 NOV 12 %20 %TSG-DS-N %48.19 %BRV.19881112.0331.TSG-DS.20.ah 1988 NOV 12 %21 %TSG-DS-E %48.05 %BRV.19881112.0331.TSG-DS.21.ah 1988 DEC 04 %1 %TSG-KSM-Z %48.60 %BRV.19881204.0524.TSG-KSM.01.ah 1988 DEC 04 %8 %TSG-KS-N %4511 %BRV.19881204.0524.TSG-KS.08.ah 1988 DEC 04 %9 %TSG-KS-E %4533 %BRV.19881204.0524.TSG-KS.09.ah 1988 DEC 04 %3 %TSG-KSM-Z %1009 %BRV.19881204.0524.TSG-KSM.03.ah 1988 DEC 04 %4 %TSG-KSM-N %1028 %BRV.19881204.0524.TSG-KSM.04.ah 1988 DEC 04 %5 %TSG-KSM-E %1030 %BRV.19881204.0524.TSG-KSM.05.ah 1988 DEC 17 %1 %TSG-KSM-Z %48.6 %BRV.19881217.0419.TSG-KSM.01.ah 1988 DEC 17 %8 %TSG-KS-N %4511 %BRV.19881217.0419.TSG-KS.08.ah 1988 DEC 17 %9 %TSG-KS-E %4533 %BRV.19881217.0419.TSG-KS.09.ah 1988 DEC 17 %6 %SS-SKM-Z %22.0 %BRV.19881217.0419.SS-SKM.06.ah 1988 DEC 17 %8 %SS-SKM-N %2047 %BRV.19881217.0419.SS-SKM.08.ah 1988 DEC 17 %9 %SS-SKM-E %1999 %BRV.19881217.0419.SS-SKM.09.ah 1989 MAY 08 %3 %TSG-KSM-Z %1009 %BRV.19890508.0005.TSG-KSM.03.ah 1989 MAY 08 %4 %TSG-KSM-N %1028 %BRV.19890508.0005.TSG-KSM.04.ah 1989 MAY 08 %5 %TSG-KSM-E %1030 %BRV.19890508.0005.TSG-KSM.05.ah 1989 MAY 08 %7 %TSG-KS-Z %4565 %BRV.19890508.0005.TSG-KS.07.ah 1989 MAY 08 %8 %TSG-KS-N %4511 %BRV.19890508.0005.TSG-KS.08.ah 1989 MAY 08 %9 %TSG-KS-E %4533 %BRV.19890508.0005.TSG-KS.09.ah 1989 MAY 08 %22 %TSG-DSM-Z %1013 %BRV.19890508.0005.TSG-DSM.22.ah 1989 MAY 08 %23 %TSG-DSM-N %1007 %BRV.19890508.0005.TSG-DSM.23.ah 1989 MAY 08 %24 %TSG-DSM-E %1011 %BRV.19890508.0005.TSG-DSM.24.ah 1990 AUG 16 %1 %TSG-KSM-Z %48.07 %BRV.19900816.0503.TSG-KSM.01.ah 1990 AUG 16 %8 %TSG-KS-N %4511 %BRV.19900816.0503.TSG-KS.08.ah 1990 AUG 16 %9 %TSG-KS-E %4533 %BRV.19900816.0503.TSG-KS.09.ah 1990 AUG 16 %7 %SS-SKM-Z %2000(g) %BRV.19900816.0503.SS-SKM.07.ah 1990 AUG 16 %8 %SS-SKM-N %2000(g) %BRV.19900816.0503.SS-SKM.08.ah 1990 AUG 16 %9 %SS-SKM-E %2000(g) %BRV.19900816.0503.SS-SKM.09.ah 1990 AUG 16 %22 %TSG-DSM-Z %1013 %BRV.19900816.0503.TSG-DSM.22.ah 1990 AUG 16 %23 %TSG-DSM-N %1007 %BRV.19900816.0503.TSG-DSM.23.ah 1990 AUG 16 %24 %TSG-DSM-E %1011 %BRV.19900816.0503.TSG-DSM.24.ah 1990 OCT 24 %1 %TSG-KSM-Z %48.07 %BRV.19901024.1502.TSG-KSM.01.ah 1990 OCT 24 %8 %TSG-KS-N %4511 %BRV.19901024.1502.TSG-KS.08.ah 1990 OCT 24 %9 %TSG-KS-E %4533 %BRV.19901024.1502.TSG-KS.09.ah 1990 OCT 24 %19 %TSG-DS-Z %48.8 %BRV.19901024.1502.TSG-DS.19.ah 1990 OCT 24 %20 %TSG-DS-N %48.0 %BRV.19901024.1502.TSG-DS.20.ah 1990 OCT 24 %21 %TSG-DS-E %47.6 %BRV.19901024.1502.TSG-DS.21.ah .sp 4p _ .TE .ll 6.9i .ps 12 .vs 12p .ft R (a) Seismic system used and their gains for each trace were provided by Karim Khaidarov and Aborin at the Borovoye Observatory via Vitaly Adushkin at the Institute for Dynamics of Geosphere, Moscow during May 1991. Paul Richards checked each channel listing while he visited BRV station during August 1991. .br (b) Gain is given as unit/micron, since most of the seismic systems at BRV have nearly flat amplitude responses to .ft I ground displacement .ft R in their pass-bands. .br (c) KOD system, which operated between 1966-Nov 1973, has polarity reversal on all the channels. This polarity reversal is indicated by using negative gain. .br (d) Listed gains are questionable, nominal gain of 5.0 for these channels should be used. .br (e) This is unknown channel name. .br (f) Gain is not given in Khaidarov's list and nominal gains of 50.0 for these channels are assumed. .br (g) Gain is not given in Khaidarov's list and nominal gains of 2000.0 are assumed. .bp .PP \0 .ll 6.5i .vs 15 .ps 14 .ll 6.5i .ft B .ti 0 Table 3. Instrument Characteristics at BRV(*) .sp 1 .vs 12 .ps 10 .ft R .TS box tab(%) ; l l1 l2 l1 l2 l2 l1 l2 l l l1 l2 l1 l2 l2 l1 l2 l l l1 l2 n1 n2 n2 n1 n2 r . .sp 2p System %Seismo- %Channel %Ts(1) %Ds(2) %Sm(3) %fn(4) %dt(5) %Channel %meter % %(s) % % %(Hz) %(msec) %number .vs 15 .sp 3p _ .sp 2p KOD %SKM-3 %HG(6) %3.5 %1 %3000 %2.0 %30 %1,2,3 % %LG(Z) % % %300 %2.0 %30 %- .sp 1 %SKD % %30.0 %0.71 % % % %- .sp 3p _ .sp 2p STsR-SS %SKM-3 %HG %2.0 %0.5 %2000 %1.8 %24 %7,8,9 % %(76-80) % % %1000 %1.8 %32 %7,8,9 % %LG(Z) % % %200 %1.8 %32 %1 % % % % %20 %1.8 %96 %6 .sp 1 %SKD %HG %25.0 %0.71 %5 %0.14 %192 %2,3,4 % % % % %0.5 %0.14 %192 %- .sp 3p _ .sp 2p STsR-TSG %KS %HG %1.5 %0.71 %4500 %2.37 %26 %7,8,9 % %(1977)% % %2000 %2.37 %26 %7,8,9 % % % % %1000 %2.37 %26 %4,5 .sp 1 %KSM %HG %1.5 %0.5 %100000%1.43 %26 %10,11,12 % %LG(Z) % % %1000 %1.43 %26 %3 .sp 1 %KSVM %HG(Z) %1.5 %0.5 %4600 %1.43 %26 %2 % %LG(Z) % % %50 %1.43 %26 %1 .sp 1 %DS %HG %20.0 %0.71 %50 %0.1 %312 %19,20,21 .sp 1 %DSM %HG %28.0 %0.71 %1000 %0.07 %312 %22,23,24 % %LG % % %10 %0.07 %312 %15,16,17 .sp 3p _ .sp 2p ASSTs %SSM-S % %2.0 %- %250 %- %- %- .sp 3p _ .TE .sp 1 .ps 10 .ll 6.8i (*) KOD system operated from 1966-Nov 1973 and had polarity reversal on all channels, STsR system is operating from Feb 1973 to present, and ASSTs is operating from Apr 1990 to present. .br (1) Ts = Seismometer natural period in second. .br (2) Ds = Seismometer damping constant, critical damping = 0.71. .br (3) Sm = Nominal sensitivity (gain) in count/micron for ground displacement. .br (4) fn = Normalization frequency where nominal sensitivity is measured. .br (5) dt = Sampling interval in millisecond. .br (6) HG is actually the base channel and not necessarily a high-gain, LG = low-gain channels and (Z) indicates that it is only vertical component. N.B., Nominal gains seem to have been changed from time to time, for example, during 1976-1980 data on SS-SKM channels and on 1977 data for TSG-KS channels.